Professor Louis Appleby CBE

Photograph of Louis Appleby

Professor of Psychiatry C.B.E

Centre for Suicide Prevention

Community- Based Medicine
Jean McFarlane Building

The University of Manchester
Oxford Road
Manchester
M13 9PL

Role

Louis Appleby is National Director for Health and Criminal Justice and Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Manchester. He is Director of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness and an honorary consultant psychiatrist at the Manchester Mental Health Partnership.

Research

Mental health and risk:

Suicide and self-harm; homicide and mental disorder; maternal mental health and its impact on children and families.

The Centre for Suicide Prevention (lead researcher Professor Nav Kapur) investigates people at risk of suicide, including patients under mental health care, people who have previously harmed themselves, prisoners and young men. The group has studied the events that precede suicide, asking: What are the factors that increase risk in a particular group? What protects some people but not others? When and how can services intervene to prevent suicide? In support of this work, the group has built up a national database of all suicides in the UK (now totalling 78,000 cases) and all episodes of self-harm in Manchester (now totalling 33,000 cases).

Other national studies have investigated the circumstances of sudden death on mental health wards, leading to recommendations on the role of physical health and smoking, psychiatric drug treatments, and aspects of care such as restraint. A national database of sudden death under mental health care has been established.

The Centre for Women's Mental Health Research (lead researcher Dr. Kathryn Abel) has studied the treatment of postnatal depression and the specialised care of severe maternal mental illness, through epidemiological, clinical and biological research. It is investigating the impact of maternal mental disorder on children and families, asking: Is there a high rate of illness and mortality in these children? If so, at what age and from what causes?

Both research centres have important international collaborations - in Hungary (suicide) and in Denmark (maternal mental health).

Biography

Louis Appleby graduated in Medicine in Edinburgh and subsequently trained in both hospital medicine and psychiatry, the latter at the Institute of Psychiatry, London. He has an MD from Edinburgh and is a Fellow of the Royal Colleges of both Physicians and Psychiatrists. He has held research grants totalling £15.5m from the Wellcome Trust, MRC, Department of Health and other NHS sources.

Louis leads a group of over 30 researchers in two research centres. The Centre for Suicide Prevention is the largest suicide research unit internationally. Its findings have been the basis of Government policy on suicide prevention. For example, it has highlighted ways of improving safety on mental health wards - a 50% fall in inpatient suicide has followed. The Centre for Women's Mental Health Research is one of the leading research centres on maternal mental health, both contributing to and evaluating national policy. In 2000 Louis Appleby was seconded (part-time) as the Government's National Director for Mental Health to lead a national programme of reform in mental health care and in 2010 National Clinical Director for Health and Criminal Justice.  He leads the National Suicide Prevention Strategy for England.  

Publications

2013

  • Bickley, H., Hunt, I., Windfuhr, K., Shaw, J., Appleby, L. & Kapur, N (2013). Suicide Within Two Weeks of Discharge From Psychiatric Inpatient Care: A Case-Control Study. Psychiatr Serv, eScholarID:191838 | PMID:23545716 | DOI:10.1176/appi.ps.201200026
  • Kapur N, Hunt IM, Windfuhr K, Rodway C, Rahman MS, Webb R, Shaw J. Appleby L. (2013). Suicide in psychiatric in-patients in England. Psychological Medicine, 43, 61-71. eScholarID:185041
  • PL Mok, AH Leyland, N. Kapur, K. Windfuhr, L Appleby, S. Platt, RT Webb. (2013). Health and social factors that explain higher suicide risk in Scotland versus England: a national area-level investigation. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 67, 63-70. eScholarID:185418
  • Webb RT, Qin P, Stevens H, Appleby L, Shaw J, Mortensen PB. (2013). Combined influence of serious mental illness and criminal offending on suicide risk in younger adults. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48, 49-57. eScholarID:185040

2012

  • A. Roscoe, M.S. Rahman, H. Mehta, D. While, L. Appleby, J. Shaw. (2012). Comparison of a national sample of homicides committed by lone and multiple perpetrators. Journal of Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, 23, 1-12. eScholarID:162629 | DOI:10.1080/14789949.2012.704639
  • D. Gunnell, C. Metcalfe, D. While, K. Hawton, D. Ho, L. Appleby, N . Kapur. (2012). Impact of national policy initiatives on fatal and non-fatal self-harm after psychiatric hospital discharge: time series analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 201(09), 233-238. eScholarID:178281 | DOI:doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.104422
  • D. Gunnell, C. Metcalfe, D. While, K. Hawton, D. Ho, L. Appleby, N. Kapur. (In-press). Impact of national policy initiatives on fatal and non-fatal self-harm after psychiatric hospital discharge: time series analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, eScholarID:159848 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.104422
  • D. While, H. Bickley, A. Roscoe, K. Windfuhr, S. Rahman, J. Shaw, L. Appleby, N. Kapur. (2012). Implementation of mental health service recommendations in England and Wales and suicide rates, 1997-2006: a cross-sectional and before-and-after observational study. The Lancet, 379(9820), 1005-1012. eScholarID:135785 | DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61712-1
  • I.M. Hunt, H. Bickley, K. Windfuhr, J. Shaw, L. Appleby, N. Kapur. (In-press). Suicide in recently admitted psychiatric in-patients: a case control study. Journal of Affective Disorders, eScholarID:163079 | DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.019
  • IM Hunt, K Windfuhr, J Shaw, L Appleby, N Kapur, National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (2012). Ligature points and ligature types used by psychiatric inpatients who die by hanging. Crisis, 33, 87-94. eScholarID:162753 | DOI:10.1027/0227-5910/a000117
  • L. Appleby. (2012). Suicide prevention: the evidence on safer clinical care is now good and should be adopted internationally. International Psychiatry, 9(2), 27-29. eScholarID:160713
  • N. Kapur, I.M. Hunt, K. Windfuhr, C. Rodway, R. Webb, M.S. Rahman, J. Shaw, L. Appleby. (In-press). Psychiatric in-patient care and suicide in england, 1997-2008: longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, eScholarID:158221 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291712000864
  • N.Kapur, I.M.Hunt, K.Windfuhr, C.Rodway, R.Webb, M.S.Rahman, J.Shaw, L.Appleby. (2012). Psychiatric in-patient care and suicide in England, 1997-2008:a longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, eScholarID:178293 | DOI:doi:10.1017/S0033291712000864
  • PL Mok, N Kapur, K Windfuhr, AH Leyland, L Appleby, S Platt, R Webb. (In-press). Diverging trends in national suicide rates for Scotland and England and Wales, 1960-2008. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 245-251. eScholarID:133186 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092908
  • R. Overshott, C. Rodway, A. Roscoe, S. Flynn, I.M. Hunt, N. Swinson, . Appleby, J. Shaw. (In-press). Homicide perpetrated by older people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, eScholarID:158220 | DOI:10.1002/gps.2739
  • R. Webb, P. Qin, H. Stevens, P.B. Mortensen, J. Shaw. L. Appleby. (In-press). Suicide risk among violent and sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, eScholarID:156380 | DOI:10.1177/0886260512445387
  • Webb TR, Shaw J, Stevens H, Mortensen PB, Appleby L, Qin P. (2012). Suicide risk mong violent and sexual criminal offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 3405-3424. eScholarID:178651 | DOI:10.1177/0886260512445387

2011

  • A Williams, D While, K Windfuhr, H Bickley, I Hunt, J Shaw, L Appleby, N Kapur. (2011). Birthday blues:examining the association between birthday and suicide in a national sample. Crisis, 32(3), 134-142. eScholarID:151630 | DOI:10.1027/0227-5910/a000067
  • C Rodway, V Norrington-Moore, L Appleby, J Shaw. (2011). An examination of the quality of psychiatric court reports for juvenile perpetrators of homicide. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 22(6), 895-904. eScholarID:151629 | DOI:10.1080/14789949.2011.626060
  • C. Rodway, V. Norrington-Moore, D. While, i.M. Hunt, S. Flynn, N. Swinson, A. Roscoe, L. Appleby, J. Shaw. (2011). A population-based study of juvenile perpetrators of homicide in England Wales. J Adolesc, 34(1), 19-28. eScholarID:116107 | DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.03.005
  • M Kalucy, C Rodway, J Finn, A Pearson, S Flynn, N Swinson, A Roscoe, D Da Cruz, L Appleby, J Shaw. (2011). Comparison of British national newspaper coverage of homicide committed by perpetrators with and without mental illness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(7), 539-548. eScholarID:151623 | DOI:10.3109/00048674.2011.585605
  • M. Rezaeian, G. Dunn, S. St Leger, L. Appleby. (2011). Mapping suicide in London: a brief methodological case study on the application of the smoothing technique. Crisis, eScholarID:124088
  • M. Rezaeian, G. Dunn, S. St. Leger, L. Appleby. (2011). Application of commercial software to the classification of suicide cases: a brief report. Violence and Victims, 26, 533-540. eScholarID:128000 | DOI:10.1891/0886-6708.26.4.533
  • N. Humber, J. Shaw, M. Piper, L. Appleby. (2011). Characteristics of and trends in sub-groups of prisoner suicides in England and Wales. Psychological Medicine, 41(11), 2275-2285. eScholarID:124087 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291711000705
  • R.Webb, P. Qin, H. Stevens, L. Appleby, J. Shaw, P.B. Mortensen. (In-press). Combined influence of serious mental illness and criminal offending on suicide risk in younger adults. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, eScholarID:161986
  • Swinson, N., Flynn, S., While, D., Roscoe, A., Kapur, N., Appleby, L., Shaw, J. (2011). Trends in rates of mental illness in homicide perpetrators. British Journal of Psychiatry, 198, 485-489. eScholarID:123837 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085357
  • T.M. Laursen, T. Munk-Olsen, P.B. Mortensen, K.M. Abel, L. Appleby, R.T. Webb. (2011). Filicide in offspring of parents with severe psychiatric disorder: a population-based cohort study of child homicide. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72, 698-703. eScholarID:96562 | DOI:10.4088/JCP.09m05508gre
  • Webb RT, Qin P, Stevens H, Mortensen PB, Appleby L, Shaw J. (2011). National study of suicide in all people with a criminal justice history. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 591-599. eScholarID:102837 | DOI:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.7
  • L.Appleby, J.Shaw, N.Kapur, and the nsational Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide in people with mental illness. (2011). Suicide and Homicide in Northern Ireland. eScholarID:150732

2010

  • D. Pratt, M. Piper, L. Appleby, R. Webb, J. Shaw. (2010). Suicide in recently released prisoners: a case-control study. Psychological Medicine, 40, 827-835. eScholarID:80923 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291709991048
  • I.M. Hunt, B. Ashim, N. Swinson, S. Flynn, A.J. Hayes, A. Roscoe, C. Rodway, T. Amos, N. Kapur, L. Appleby, J. Shaw. (2010). Homicide convictions in different age-groups: a national clinical survey. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 21(3), 321-335. eScholarID:77909 | DOI:10.1080/14789940903513195
  • I.M. Hunt, N. Swinson, B. Palmer, P. Turnbull, J. Cooper, N. Kapur, L. Appleby. (2010). Method of suicide in the mentally ill: a national clinical survey. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 40, 22-34. eScholarID:77910 | DOI:10.1521/suli.2010.40.1.22
  • I.M.Hunt, K.Windfuhr, N.Swinson, J.Shaw, L.Appleby, N.Kapur and the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by people with mental illness. (2010). Electroconvulsive therapy and suicide among the mentally ill in England: a national clinical survey. Psychiatry Research, eScholarID:150653 | DOI:10.1016/j-psychres.2010.12.014
  • IM Hunt, K Windfuhr, N Swinson, J Shaw, L Appleby, N Kapur, National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (2010). Suicide amongst psychiatric inpatients who abscond from the ward: a national clinical survey. BMC Psychiatry, 10(14), eScholarID:80925
  • K. Windfuhr, H. Bickley, D. While, A. Williams, I.M. Hunt, L. Appleby, N. Kapur, National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (2010). Nonresident suicides in England: a national study. Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviour, 40(2), 151-158. eScholarID:116101 | DOI:10.1521/suli.2010.40.2.151
  • K. Windfuhr, P. Turnbull, D. While, N. Swinson, H. Mehta, K. Hadfield, U. Hiroeh, H. Watkinson, C. Dixon, S. Flynn, S. Thomas, G. Lewis, I.N. Ferrier, T. Amos, P. Skapinakis, J. Shaw, N. Kapur, L. Appleby. (2010). The incidence and associated risk factors for sudden unexplained death in psychiatric inpatients in England and Wales. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2010, eScholarID:96560
  • N Swinson, S Flynn, N Kapur, L Appleby, J Shaw. (2010). The use of the care programme approach in perpetrators of homicide. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(5), 649-659. eScholarID:151632 | DOI:10.1080/14789941003739649
  • P. Saini, K. Windfuhr, A. Pearson, D. Da Cruz, C. Miles, L. Cordingley, D. While, N. Swinson, A. Williams, J. Shaw, L. Appleby, N.Kapur. (2010). Suicide prevention in primary care: General practitioners' views on service availability. BMC Res Notes, 1(6), 246. eScholarID:116092 | DOI:10.1186/1756-0500-3-246
  • R. T. Webb, S. Wicks, C. Dalman, L. Appleby, P.B. Mortensen, B. Haglund, K.M. Abel. (2010). Influence of environmental factors in higher SIDS risk linked to parental mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 69-77. eScholarID:77908 | DOI:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.172

2009

  • A. Pearson, P. Saini, D. DaCruz, C. Miles, D. While, N. Swinson, A. Williams, J. Shaw, L. Appleby, N. Kapur. (2009). Primary care contact prior to suicide in individuals with mental illness. British Journal of General Practice, 59, 825-832. eScholarID:103113 | DOI:10.3399/bjgp09X472881
  • Hunt I, While D, Windfuhr K, Swinson N, Shaw J, Appleby L, Kapur NN. (2009). Suicide pacts in the mentally ill: A national clinical survey. Psychiatry Research, 167( 1-2), eScholarID:1d19109 | DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.004
  • I.M. Hunt, N. Kapur, R. Webb, J. Robinson, J. Burns, J. Shaw, L. Appleby. (2009). Suicide in recently discharged psychiatric patients: a case control study. Psychological Medicine, 39, 443-449. eScholarID:127999 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291708003644
  • I.M.Hunt, N.Kapur, R.Webb, J.Robinson, J.Burns, J.Shaw, L.Appleby. (2009). Suicide in recently-discharged patients:a case control study. Psychological Medicine, 39(03), 443-449. eScholarID:178277 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291708003644
  • K. Almasi, N. Belso, N. Kapur, R. Webb, J. Cooper, S. Hadley, M. Kerfoot, G. Dunn, P. Sotonyi, Z. Rihmer, L. Appleby. (2009). Risk factors for suicide in a society in transition: a controlled psychological autopsy study in Hungary. BMC Psychiatry, eScholarID:77906
  • S. Flynn, N. Swinson, D. While, I. Hunt, A. Roscoe, C. Rodway, K. Windfuhr, N. Kapur, L. Appleby, J. Shaw. (2009). Homicide followed by suicide: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20, 306-321. eScholarID:124089 | DOI:10.1080/14789940802364369
  • S. King-Hele, R. Webb, P.B. Mortensen, L. Appleby, A. Pickles, K.M. Abel. (2009). Risk of stillbirth and neonatal death linked with maternal mental illness: a national cohort study. Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 94, F105-F110. eScholarID:77905 | DOI:10.1136/adc.2007.135459

2008

  • Flynn, S., Swinson, N., While, D., Hunt, I.M., Roscoe, A., Rodway, C., Windfuhr, K., Kapur, N., Appleby, L., Shaw, J. (2008). Homicide followed by suicide: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20, 1-16. eScholarID:66579 | DOI:10.1080/14789940802364369
  • Hiroeh, U., Kapur, N., Webb, R., Dunn, G., Bo Mortensen, P., Appleby, L. (2008). Deaths from natural causes in people with mental illness: a cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 275-283. eScholarID:66582 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.09.008
  • K. Windfuhr, D. While, I. Hunt, P. Turnbull, R. Lowe, J. Burnes, N. Swinson, J. Shaw, L. Appleby, N. Kapur, National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (2008). Suicide in juveniles and adolescents in the United Kingdom. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 49(11), 1155-1165. eScholarID:116170 | DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01938.x
  • Rodway CA, Flynn SM, Swinson NA, Roscoe A, Hunt IM, Windfuhr KL, Kapur NN, Appleby L, Shaw J. (2008). Methods of homicide in England and Wales: a comparison by diagnostic group. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20, 1-20. eScholarID:1d19111 | DOI:10.1080/14789940802360870
  • Roscoe A, Rodway CA, Mehta HH, While DT, Amos T, Kapur NN, Appleby L, Shaw J. (2008). Psychiatric recommendations to the court as regards homicide perpetrators. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 2, 1-12. eScholarID:1d19113 | DOI:10.1080/14789940802396528
  • Webb RT, Pickles A, King-Hele S, Appleby L, Mortensen PB, Abel K. (2008). Parental mental illness and fatal birth defects in a national birth cohort. Psychological Medicine, 10, 1495-1503. eScholarID:1d17157
  • L.Appleby, J.Shaw, N.Kapur and the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide. (2008). The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. Lessons for Mental Health Care in Scotland. eScholarID:96579
  • National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (2008). Independent Homicide Inquiries. eScholarID:66956

2007

  • Hunt, I.M., Kapur, N., Webb, R., Robinson, J., Burns, J., Turnbull, P., Shaw, J., Appleby., L. (2007). Suicide in current psychiatric inpatients: a case-control study. Psychological Medicine, 37, 831-837. eScholarID:66583 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291707000104
  • King-Hele S, Abel K, Webb RT, Mortensen P, Appleby L, Pickles A. (2007). Risk of sudden infant death syndrome with parental mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64( 11), 1323-1330. eScholarID:1d16580
  • M. Rezaeian, G. Dunn, S. St Leger, L. Appleby. (2007). Do hot spots of deprivation predict the rates of suicide within London boroughs? Health Place, 13(4), 886-893. eScholarID:116173 | DOI:10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.02.004
  • N. Swinson, B. Ashim, K. Windfuhr, N. Kapur, L. Appleby, J. Shaw. (2007). National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness - New Directions. Psychiatric Bulletin, 31, 161-163. eScholarID:124090 | DOI:10.1192/pb.bp.106.011734
  • Rezaeian, M., Dunn, G., St. Leger, S., Appleby, L. (2007). Geographical epidemiology, spatial analysis and geographical information systems: a multidisciplinary glossary. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 98-102. eScholarID:1d14353 | DOI:10.1136/jech.2005.043117
  • Swinson NA, Ashim B, Windfuhr KL, Kapur NN, Appleby L, Shaw J. (2007). National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness: New Directions. Psychiatric Bulletin, 31, 161-163. eScholarID:1d18131 | DOI:10.1192/pb.bp.106.011734
  • Wan M, Salmon MP, Riordan DM, Appleby L, Webb RT, Abel K. (2007). What predicts poor mother-infant interaction in schizophrenia? Psychological Medicine, 37, 275-283. eScholarID:1d14219 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291706009172
  • Wan M, Warburton AL, Appleby L, Abel K. (2007). Mother and baby unit admissions: feasibility study examining child outcomes 4-6 years on. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 150-156. eScholarID:1d15036 | DOI:10.1080/00048670601109923
  • Webb RT, Pickles A, Appleby L, Mortensen P, Abel K. (2007). Death by unnatural causes during childhood and early adulthood in offspring of psychiatric inpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64 (3), 345-352. eScholarID:1d13351 | DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.345

2006

  • Appleby L, Shaw J, Kapur NN, et al. (2006). Avoidable Deaths: Five year report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. Report for the National Patient Safety Agency, Department of Health. For copies of the report please go to "Inquiry Five Yearly Reports" in the left hand column of the Inquiry's website, eScholarID:1d33018
  • Bickley H Kapur N, Hunt IM, Robinson J, Meehan J, Parsons R, McCann K, Flynn S, Burns J, Amos T, Shaw J, Appleby L. (2006). Suicide in the homeless within 12 months of contact with mental health services: a national clinical survey in the UK. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 686-691. eScholarID:1d14357 | DOI:10.1007/s00127-006-0087-6
  • Cooper J, Husain N, Webb RT, Waheed W, Kapur NN, Guthrie EA, Appleby L. (2006). Self-harm in the UK : Differences between South Asians and Whites in rates, characteristics, provision of service and repetition. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41( 10), eScholarID:1d14216 | DOI:10.1007/s00127-006-0099-2
  • Cooper J, Kapur NN, Guthrie EA, Mackway-Jones K, Dunning J, Appleby L. (2006). A clinical tool for assessing risk after self-harm. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 48( 4), 459-469. eScholarID:1d14301 | DOI:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.944
  • Gask L, Dixon C, Morris R, Appleby L, Green G. (2006). Evaluation STORM skills training for managing people at risk of suicide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54, 739-750. eScholarID:1d14421 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03875.x
  • Hunt IM, Kapur N, Windfuhr K, Robinson J, Bickley H, Flynn S, Parsons R, Burns J, Shaw J, Appleby L, and the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (2006). Suicide in Schizophrenia: findings from a national clinical survey. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 12(3), 139-147. eScholarID:67766 | DOI:10.1097/00131746-200605000-00002
  • Hunt, IM, Kapur, NN, Robinson, J, Shaw, J, Flynn, SM, Bailey, HT, Meehan, H, Bickley, H, Lowe, R, Burns, JM, Amos, T, Appleby, L. (2006). Suicide within 12 months of mental health service contact in different age and diagnostic groups: national clinical survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 135-142. eScholarID:1d12381 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.188.2.135
  • Kapur NN, Cooper J, King-Hele S, Webb RT, Lawlor M, Rodway CA, Appleby L. (2006). The repetition of suicidal behavior: a multicenter cohort study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67( 10), 1599-1609. eScholarID:1d14210
  • Kapur NN, Hunt IM, Webb RT, Bickley H, Windfuhr KL, Shaw J, Appleby L. (2006). Suicide in psychiatric in-patients in England, 1997 to 2003. Psychological Medicine, 36( 10), 1485-1492. eScholarID:1d14214
  • Meehan, J, Kapur, NN, Turnbull, P, Hunt, IM, Robinson, J, Bickley, H, Lowe, R, Flynn, SM, Burns, T, Amos, T, Shaw, J, Appleby, L. (2006). Suicide in mental health in-patients and within 3 months of discharge: national clinical survey. British Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 188, 129-134. eScholarID:1d12421 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.188.2.129
  • Pratt D, Piper M, Appleby L, Webb RT, Shaw J. (2006). Suicide in recently released prisoners: a population-based cohort study. Lancet, 368( 9530), 119-123. eScholarID:1d14218 | DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69002-8
  • Qurashi I, Kapur NN, Appleby L. (2006). A prospective study of noncompliance with medication, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior in recently discharged psychiatric inpatients. Arch Suicide Res, 10( 1), 61-67. eScholarID:1d12375
  • Rezaeian M, Dunn G, St. Leger S, Appleby L. (2006). Ecological association between suicide rates and indices of deprivation in the North West region of England: the importance of the size of the administrative unit. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 956-961. eScholarID:1d14418 | DOI:10.1136/jech.2005.043109
  • Shaw J, Hunt IM, Flynn, S, Amos T, Meehan J, Robinson J, Bickley H, Parsons R, McCann K, Burns J, Kapur N, Appleby L. (2006). The role of alcohol and drugs in homicides in England and Wales. Addiction, 101, 1117-1124. eScholarID:1d14420 | DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01483.x
  • Shaw, J, Hunt, IM, Flynn, SM, Meehan, J, Robinson, J, Bickley, H, Lowe, R, McCann, K, Burns, JM, Amos, T, Kapur, NN, Appleby, L. (2006). Rates of mental disorder in people convicted of homicide: National Clinical Survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 143-147. eScholarID:1d12385 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.188.4.380
  • Webb R, Abel K, Pickles A, Appleby L, King-Hele S, Mortensen PB. (2006). Mortality risk among offspring of psychiatric inpatients: a population-based follow-up to early adulthood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163( 12), 2170-2177. eScholarID:1d14208
  • The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (2006). Avoidable Deaths. eScholarID:96577

2005

  • Abel K, Webb R, Salmon MP, Wan M, Appleby L. (2005). The prevalence and predictors of parenting outcomes in a cohort of mothers with schizophrenia admitted for joint mother and baby psychiatric care in England. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 781-789. eScholarID:1d16243 | DOI:10.4088/JCP.v66n0618
  • McKenzie N, Landau S, Kapur NN, Meehan J, Robinson J, Bickley H, Parsons R, Appleby L. (2005). Clustering of suicides among the mentally ill: suicide may be contagious. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 476-489. eScholarID:1d12376
  • Morriss R, Gask LL, Webb RT, Dixon C, Appleby L. (2005). The effects on suicide rates of an educational intervention for front-line health professionals with suicidal patients (the STORM Project). Psychological Medicine, 35( 7), 957-960. eScholarID:1d12258 | DOI:10.1017/S0033291705004502
  • Rezaeian, M, Dunn, G, St Leger, S, Appleby, L, Rezaeian, M, Dunn, G, St Leger, S, Appleby, L, Rezaeian, M, Dunn, G, St Leger, S, Appleby, L. (2005). The ecological association between suicide rates and indices of deprivation in English local authorities. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40( 10), eScholarID:1d30020 | DOI:10.1007/s00127-005-0960-x
  • Webb RT, Abel K, Pickles A, Appleby L. (2005). Mortality in offspring of parents with psychotic disorders: a critical review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162( 6), 1045-1056. eScholarID:1d12240

2004

  • Appleby L. (2004). Defining the needs of patients with intellectual disabilities in high security psychiatric hhospitals in England. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 603-610. eScholarID:1d14423 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00629.x
  • Appleby L. (2004). The security, clinical and social needs of patients in high security psychiatric hospitals in England. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 15, 208-221. eScholarID:1d14424 | DOI:10.1080/14789940410001703967
  • Douglas, J., Cooper, J., Amos, T., Webb, R., Guthrie, E. & Appleby, L. (2004). "Near-fatal" deliberate self-harm: characteristics, prevention and implications for the prevention of suicide. Journal of Affective Disorders, 79( 1-3), eScholarID:1d9334 | DOI:10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00391-9
  • Howard L, Thornicroft G, Salmon MP, Appleby L. (2004). Predictors of parenting outcome in women with psychotic disorders discharged from mother and baby units. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 110( 5), 347-55. eScholarID:1d9331 | DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00375.x
  • Howard, L, Goss, C, Leese, M, Appleby, L, Thornicroft, G, Howard, L, Goss, C, Leese, M, Appleby, L, Thornicroft, G, Howard, L, Goss, C, Leese, M, Appleby, L, Thornicroft, G. (2004). The psychosocial outcome of pregnancy in women with psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res, 71( 1), 49-60. eScholarID:1d31211 | DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2004.01.003
  • Kapur, N., Cooper, J., Hiroeh, U., May, C., Appleby, L. & House, A. (2004). Emergency department management and outcome for self-poisoning: a cohort study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 26( 1), eScholarID:1d12531 | DOI:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2003.06.002
  • Ranote S, Elliott R, Abel K, Mitchell R, Deakin JFW, Appleby L. (2004). The neural basis of maternal responsiveness to infants: an fMRI study. Neuroreport, 15( 11), 1825-9. eScholarID:1d9309
  • Rezaeian M, Dunn G, St Leger S, Appleby L. (2004). The production and interpretation of disease mapsA methodological case-study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39( 12), 947-54. eScholarID:1d9702
  • Salmon MP, Abel K, Webb RT, Warburton AL, Appleby L. (2004). A national audit of joint mother and baby admissions to UK psychiatric hospitals: an overview of findings. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 7( 1), 65-70. eScholarID:1d7796 | DOI:10.1007/s00737-003-0042-4
  • Shaw J, Amos T, Hunt IM, Flynn S, Turnbull P, Kapur NN, Appleby L. (2004). Mental illness in people who kill strangers: longitudinal study and national clinical survey. BMJ, 328( 7442), eScholarID:1d9332 | DOI:10.1136/bmj.328.7442.734
  • Shaw J, Baker D, Hunt I, Moloney A, Appleby L. (2004). Suicide by prisoners. National clinical survey. Br J Psychiatry, 184, 263-7. eScholarID:1d9336 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.184.3.263
  • Thomas, S, Leese, M, Dolan, M, Harty, MA, Shaw, J, Middleton, H, Carlisle, J, Davies, L, Thornicroft, G, Appleby, L. (2004). The individual needs of patients in high secure psychiatric hospitals in England. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY, 15, 2, eScholarID:1d9724 | DOI:10.1080/14789940410001702283

2003

  • Appleby L, Hirst E, Marshall S, Keeling F, Brind J, Butterworth T, Lole J. (2003). The treatment of postnatal depression by health visitors: impact of brief training on skills and clinical practice. J Affect Disord, 77( 3), 261-6. eScholarID:1d9338
  • Cooper, J., Lawlor, M., Hiroeh, U., Kapur, N. & Appleby, L. (2003). Factors that influence emergency department doctors' assessment of suicide risk in deliberate self-harm patients. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 10 (4), eScholarID:1d9337 | DOI:10.1097/01.mej.0000103760.80742.63
  • Howard L, Shah N, Salmon M, Appleby L. (2003). Predictors of social services supervision of babies of mothers with mental illness after admission to a psychiatric mother and baby unit. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 450-455. eScholarID:1d25310 | DOI:10.1007/s00127-003-0663-y
  • Hunt IM, Robinson J, Bickley H, Meehan J, Parsons R, McCann K, Burns J, Shaw, J, Kapur, NN, Appleby, L. (2003). Suicides in ethnic minorities within 12 months of contact with mental health services: a national clinical survey. Br J Psychiatry, 183, eScholarID:1d6173
  • Kapur NN, Appleby L. (2003). Suicide in the mentally ill. Psychiatry, 2(7), 21-25. eScholarID:1d6146 | DOI:10.1097/00007611-199908000-00030
  • Salmon MP, Abel K, Cordingley ME, Friedman T, Appleby L. (2003). Clinical and parenting skills outcomes following joint mother-baby psychiatric admission. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 37( 5), 556-62. eScholarID:1d9339
  • Appleby L, Kapur N, Shaw J, Robinson J. (2003). Suicide and self-harm. Br J Psychiatry, 183, eScholarID:17d418
  • Shaw J, Appleby L, Baker D. (2003). Safer Prisons - A National Study of Prison Suicides 1999-2000 by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicides and Homicides by People with Mental Illness. eScholarID:5d206

2002

  • Forshaw D, Barker H, Amos T, Appleby L, Anderson I, Mortimore C. (2002). Basic psychopharmacology. Postgraduate Psychiatry: Clinical and Scientific Foundations. ( 2nd Ed, pp. 60-80). Oxford University Press. eScholarID:3d139
  • Cooper, J., Appleby, L. & Amos, T. (2002). Life events preceding suicide by young people. Soc Psychiatry and Psychiatr Epidemiol, 37 (6), eScholarID:1d3585 | DOI:10.1007/s001270200019
  • Robinson J, Meehan L, Appleby L. (2002). Safety First: recommendations from the five-year report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. NHSLA Review, 23, eScholarID:1d3580
  • Robinson J, Sherratt J, Appleby L. (2002). Safety First: preventing suicide. Mental Health Care and Learning Disabilities, 4, 311-314. eScholarID:1d3771
  • McDonnell S, Cordingley ME, Appleby L. (2002). Recommendations to help minimise distress amongst people bereaved by suicide, prior to and during the inquest. eScholarID:5d4

2001

  • Amos T, Appleby L, Kiernan. (2001). Changes in rates of suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in England and Wales. Psychological Medicine, 31, 935-939. eScholarID:1d24046
  • Appleby L, Sherratt J. (2001). Good clinical practice on suicide and suicide prevention. Psychiatric Bulletin, 25, 41-42. eScholarID:1d25309 | DOI:10.1192/pb.25.2.41
  • Cordingley ME, Wearden AJ, Appleby L, Fisher L. (2001). The Family Response Questionnaire - A new scale to assess the responses of family members to people with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research, 51(2), 417-424. eScholarID:1d8405 | DOI:10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00193-3
  • Davies S, Amos T, Appleby L. (2001). How much risk training takes place in mental health services? A national survey of training and policies. Psychiatric Bulletin, 25, 217-219. eScholarID:1d25307 | DOI:10.1192/pb.25.6.217
  • Hawton, K., Townsend, E., Deeks, J., Appleby, L., Gunnell, D., Bennewith, O. & Cooper, J. (2001). Effects of paracetamol and salicylate legislation in the UK: opportunistic before and after study of suicide, liver transplantation, and self-poisoning and its consequences. BMJ, 322 (7296), 1203-1207. eScholarID:1d3588 | DOI:10.1136/bmj.322.7296.1203
  • Hiroeh U, Appleby L, PB Mortensen, Dunn G. (2001). Death by homicide, suicide and other unnatural causes in people with mental illness: a population-based study. Lancet, 358, 2110-2112. eScholarID:1d12530 | DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07216-6
  • J. Herron, H. Ticehurst, L. Appleby, A. Perry, L. Cordingley. (2001). Attitudes to suicide prevention in "front-line" health staff. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31, 342-347. eScholarID:124091 | DOI:10.1521/suli.31.3.342.24252
  • Trumper A, Appleby L. (2001). Psychiatric morbidity in patients undergoing heart, heart and lung or lung transplantation. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research, 50, 103-105. eScholarID:1d25308 | DOI:10.1016/S0022-3999(00)00214-2
  • Appleby L, Shaw J, Sherratt J, Amos T, Robinson J, McDonnell R, et al. (2001). Safety First: Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. eScholarID:5d17

2000

  • Appleby L, Green G. (2000). An educational intervention for front-line health professionals in the assessment and management of suicidal patients (The STORM Project). Psychological Medicine, 30(4), 805-812. eScholarID:1d33006
  • Appleby L. (2000). A new mental health service: high quality and user-led. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 290-291. eScholarID:1d14425
  • Appleby L. (2000). Drug misuse and suicide: a tale of two services? Addiction, 175-177. eScholarID:1d14429
  • Appleby L. (2000). Open peer review: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 47-51. eScholarID:1d14430
  • Appleby L. (2000). Sudden unexplained death in psychiatric inpatients. Br J Psychiatry, 176, 405-406. eScholarID:1d14428
  • Appleby L. (2000). Suicide in women. Lancet, 355, eScholarID:1d14427
  • Appleby, L, Morriss R, Gask, LL, Roland, M, B Lewis, A Perry, L Battersby, N Colbert, G Green, T Amos, Davies, LM, B Faragher. (2000). An educational intervention for frontline health professionals in the assessment and management of suicidal patients (the STORM project). Psychological Medicine, 30, 805-812. eScholarID:1d23710
  • Hawton K, Harriss L, Appleby L, Simkin S, Juszczak E, McDonnell R, Kiernan K, Parrott H. (2000). Death of the Princess of Wales and subsequent and deliberate self-harm. British Journal Of Psychiatry, 177, 463-466. eScholarID:1d24047

1999

  • Appleby L, Dennehy J A, Thomas C S, Faragher E B, Lewis G. (1999). A case control study of aftercare and clinical characteristics in suicides by people with mental illness. Lancet, 353, 1397-1400. eScholarID:1d23646
  • Appleby L, Shaw J, Kapur NN, et al. (1999). Safer Services: Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. Report for the Department of Health. For copies of the report please go to "Inquiry Five Yearly Reports" in the left hand column of the Inquiry's website, eScholarID:1d32906
  • Appleby L. (1999). A comparison of clinical response to electro-convulsive therapy in puerperal and non-puerperal psychoses. Journal of Affective Disorders, 54, 255-260. eScholarID:1d14433
  • Appleby L. (1999). Depression in pregnant and postnatal women: an evidence-based approach to treatment in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 49, 780-782. eScholarID:1d14432
  • Appleby L. (1999). Mother-infant interaction in post-partum women with schizophrenia and affective disorders. Psychological Medicine, 29, 991-995. eScholarID:1d14431
  • Appleby, L, Shaw, J, Amos T, McDonnell R, Harris C, McCann K, Kiernan K, Davies S, Bickley H, Parsons R. (1999). Suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services: national clinical survey. BMJ, 318, eScholarID:1d2611
  • Appleby, L., Cooper, J., Amos, T. & Faragher, B. (1999). A psychological autopsy study of suicides by people under thirty-five years. British Journal Of Psychiatry, 175, eScholarID:1d24048 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.175.2.168
  • Baxter D, Appleby L. (1999). Case register of suicide risk in mental disorders. Brit Jrnl Psychiatry, 175, 322-326. eScholarID:1d3828
  • Morriss R K, Ahmed M, Wearden A J, Mullis R, Strickland PL, Appleby L, Campbell I T, Pearson D. (1999). The role of depression in pain, psychophysiological syndromes and medically unexplained symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Affective Disorders, 55, 143-148. eScholarID:1d24007
  • Shaw, J, Appleby, L, Amos T, Mortensen P Bo, Harris C, McCann K, Keirnan K, Davies H, Bickley H, Parsons R. (1999). Mental disorder and clinical care in people convicted of homicide: national clinical survey. BMJ, 318 (7193), 1240-1244. eScholarID:1d2612
  • T Amos, Appleby L, Shaw J. (1999). Homicide and Mental Disorder. Health Care Risk Report, 2, eScholarID:1d33103
  • Taylor, C., Cooper, J. & Appleby, L. (1999). Is suicide risk taken seriously in heavy drinkers who harm themselves? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 100, eScholarID:1d24051 | DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10866.x
  • The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. (1999). Safer Services. eScholarID:96574

1998

  • Appleby, L. & Cooper, J. (1998). The psychological autopsy approach to studying suicide: a review of methodological issues. Journal of Affective Disorders, 50, eScholarID:1d13462

1997

  • Appleby L, Shaw J, Amos T. (1997). National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. Br J Psychiatry, 170, 101-102. eScholarID:1d32000

  • N. Humber, R. Webb, M. Piper, L. Appleby, J. Shaw. (In-press). Risk factors for suicide among prison inmates in England and Wales: a national case-control study. American Journal of Psychiatry, eScholarID:103369
  • Webb RT, Qin P, Stevens H, Appleby L, Shaw J, Mortensen PB. (In-press). Combined influence of serious mental illness and criminal offending on suicide risk in younger adults. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, eScholarID:159052
  • Appleby L, Shaw J, Tim Amos. Homicide Enquiries. eScholarID:19d377

Research projects